MEST1 Mock exam: learner reponse

MEST1 Mock exam: learner reponse

Grade: 54 - B

1.

Section A:

• Be specific
• Not enough depth/need more depth of analysis for top level
• Need another paragraph!

Section B:

• Think you could take this further
• Losing question focus a little at the very end
• Some great points but need to take it a little further for the top level... both in terms of individual paragraphs + additional sections. Not much on Spectre!

2. I missed my target grade by 5 marks

3.

• Question 1 - 3/6
• Question 2 - 3/9
• Question 3 - 3/9
• Question 4 - 4/6

I would say that I answered all the questions successfully. However with question 2 and 4 what would be required for me to better in in them, would be to write 3 paragraphs rather than 2.

4.

My strongest question in Section A was question 4. I was able to not only think of points that were suggested on the mark scheme, but also keep my explanation of them succinct while also being able to relate them to theories e.g. Levi-Strauss in that the media are informed by ideology.

5.

My worst answered question was question 2. Having received my lowest mark in this question, it was likely as a result of me being unsure as to whether Las Vegas could be referred to as a brand and what I'd say about it as one.

6.

Links/synergy with other brands are demonstrated through things such as the logos at the end of the trailer. Towards the end of the video we are made aware of the involvement of the brands Activision and Infinity Ward in CODG through logos for both of the companies. With it being a key convention of trailers whether they be for video games or films to have logos of the institutions involved in the creation of a product at the very end of the trailer, its addition here is good in allowing people to the know the particular brands helping to produce and distribute CODG.

Another way links are made through other brands is by the appearance of Megan Fox. With her being a particularly notable Hollywood star, particularly within action films in the action genre which we see represented here in some essence, her being in the trailer acts almost as a way of endorsing CODG. Her inclusion is not only capable of getting members of her fanbase interested in COD, as an opinion leader (two-step model), but also helps associate the Call Of Duty brand with successful careers and arguably beautiful women as brand values (Gillian Dyer).

A last way other brands might be said to promote CODG is through where it's set. With the trailer even starting with a Las Vegas sign, it's already seen what kind of things can be associated with Call of Duty. With Vegas having connotations of gambling, sex, drugs and just being overall an 'adult's playground,' an idea can be formulated of the type of game CODG is. With this adult's playground concept in mind, the Vegas brand can be said to be linked with the glamorous places and dreams and fantasy brand values (Dyer) which again, only add the COD brand because it essentially captures what it is.

7.

I was able to cover all the platforms the exception of broadcast. Additionally, I only managed to do one paragraph on my independent case study, Spectre.

8.

I did use the key words of the question in each paragraph, however towards the end of my final one I lost a bit of overall question focus.

9.

Section A:

• Question 1 - be specific in talking about the locations where the low angle shot is used - by name
• Question 2 - need to be able to refer to films specifically to relate the brand to and also think about the different connotations Vegas has as city (question 6)
• Question 3 - should refer specifically to what makes the trailer action-packed with its 'CGI explosions and loud bangs', theories such as Uses and Gratifications and also how the rejection of the male character works to be quite humorous as well as being a relatable situation
• Question 4 - perhaps look at different sides to a representation, in that the characters could also be said to be soldiers - protection rather than aggression

Section B:

• Where I can, question the impact rather than solely having a positive view on topics
• Think about how things like websites, also part of e-media, are affected as they are
• 'Digital word of mouth'
• Maintain question focus

10.

• Do 3 paragraphs for each question in Section A
• Be succinct with my points while still being able to relate them to things like theories
• Understand I can take an oppositional view to a question in Section B rather than my answer be positively in favour of it

Section B exam question

Section B exam question

The platform that media products are consumed affect their overall construction in quite a huge way. In this case with the film industry, productions such as Ill Manors, A Field In England and Spectre all stand out as clear examples as to why this is.

The Ill Manors Tag London campaign using the e-media platform, is another example of how platform can affect the construction of media products, this time with it specifically targeting social media through user-generated content (UGC). With the Tag London campaign, people were requested to make/posts tweets with the hashtag #ILLMANORS regarding their feelings on the current state of Britain - linking up particularly to the anti-establishment aspects of the brand with things like scenes from the London Riots being displayed in the Ill Manors music video. What this actually helped the record label (Atlantic Records) do was promote the album for the film in a way that was both cheap for them and more likely to generate attention for the product, with user generated content (UGC) being something more easy for people to associate themselves with rather than things from an institution. What's quite notable here though, is that with social media being a primary platform or base for promotion for this campaign, the target audience of young people for the film is already made quite clear with them being the predominant users of the platform making it easier for them to reach. This said though, older and more niche audiences as seen with products like A Field In England would be likely to be more difficult to reach through these means, showing how important platform can be in terms of construction.

While the print platform has been an increasingly dying media as the significance of technology has arisen over time, it is still a platform that is delved into as seen with films like Ill Manors. Examples of how print has been used in this is with the billboards for it, posters and also features in magazines such as NME and Men's Health. Generally across these, particularly the billboard and poster, the same title is used with the 'ill' appearing to be a trio of council flats. And while it can be said that a lot of these different examples can be viewed online, which they can be (adding to this sense of a dying media), the sense of consistency and synergy that can be seen between these products and other ones such as the album cover for the film score all help unify different aspects of the film together rather than just making them appear as different standalone things.

MEST1 Section B: Independent case study

MEST1 Section B: Independent case study

The basics

1. The name of this film is Spectre, directed by Sam Mendes. The notable stars that appear are Daniel Craig, Christoph Waltz and Léa Seydoux.
2. It was released on October 26th 2015 in the United Kingdom and November 6th in the United States.
3. This film belongs in the action-adventure/thriller genre and some of the conventions that make this clear are the many weapons that appear in it, variety of different locations and also things like chase sequences.
4. Spectre received 'mixed to positive reviews as evidenced by it receiving 64% on Rotten Tomatoes and 60/100 on 6.9/10 on IMDB.

Broadcast

1. One of the initial remarks that can be made regarding the trailer for Spectre is that it is almost completely action-packed. Having scenes of explosions, high-speed crashes and brawls, the trailer is almost completely full of action which helps establish it as belonging in the action-adventure genre. However before this all gets truly underway we're presented with 'Leo the Lion' and 'Columbia,' representing the distribution institutions involved with the film. In terms of audience, the trailer is likely to target and appeal to explorers and aspirers. Explorers in the sense that the trailer takes place in a number of different locations, perhaps some that they may plan to go to themselves and aspirers with the number of items suggesting class presented in the video. These ranged from the watch on Bond's wrist, to suits and a lot more obviously the number of vehicles on show. In terms of representation, one of the things that stands out the most is how women in it are shown. With this, both Laura Mulvey's male gaze and John Berger's theory stating 'men act and women appear' without a doubt apply to this trailer, with women generally being presented as sex objects particularly in the scene where Bond unzips the dress of a love interest.

2.

This red carpet interview of Daniel Craig helps promote Spectre in that his confidence for the film and people's reaction when watching it are quite high, possibly developing a sense of hype in any potential viewers.

This appearance of some of the actors from Spectre on The Graham Norton Show works to promote the film since in hearing how tough aspects of the acting process can be with injuries being picked up, people tuning in may want to see how intense exactly the film itself is.

The video above is an advert from Land Rover and it helps to promote Spectre since to showcase their vehicle, they actually show scenes of it from the film itself rather than from any odd photoshoot.

3.

The broadcast promotion, especially in the chat show, does use stars to help create interest within the film and this perhaps pertains to the two-step model in which opinion leaders can affect the reactions of the audience to media texts.

Print

1.

'James Bond is back, stylish, camp and sexily pro-Snowden' (The Guardian)

'A swaggering show of confidence' (The Telegraph)

'The most disappointing James Bond film of the Daniel Craig era' (Polygon)

2.

This poster helps promote the film by not only putting the main character front and centre of it along with the title of it, but also in the sense that behind him is a masked character who has elements which could associate him as being the antagonist of the film, or at least a major part of it, already hinting at some of the story.

This billboard helps with the promotion of Spectre since although it is for watchmaker Omega, it has the logo/title for Spectre in it. Not only is this a sign of endorsement by the company, but it's also a reminder of the elegance that comes with the Bond films and that Omega watches will be actually worn by characters in the film.

 

This poster promotes Spectre in a similar way to the first one, although this time we're also introduced to a female character in the film. This in turn, may link to the concept of the male gaze by Laura Mulvey in which women are presented for men to look at.

3.

As described above, this poster depicts the main character of the film, James Bond, along with things like the title of it and the 'coming soon' line all in the centre of it. Behind him is another character who appears to be a villain character (Propp). Overall what it communicates to the audience is that Bond is on another mission which could possibly be to take down this masked villain, and with the title called Spectre and the mask being a skull, links are already drawn perhaps establishing that the character in the background is the main villain. At the same time though typical of Bond, he'll be elegant while he does it and we see this with the white tuxedo he's wearing with a pistol in one hand.

4.

The brand for the film is identifiable mainly by the title 'Spectre.' However, the 007 logo with a gun next to it also contributes to this same brand image as it has been somewhat of an age-old element for any James Bond film. The gun along with the code number, is what helps give the brand an association with the element of espionage. This could be said to be similar to the Harry Potter films since although there'll be different titles for each one, the 'Harry Potter' part of the logo will remain the same.

E-media

1. Under the name 007, the Instagram page for Spectre helps promote the film as it not only shows clips from things like TV spots of it but also pictures of members of the cast as well. The same goes for the Twitter account which shows not only things like links to the soundtrack of the film, but also behind-the-scenes footage for it too.
2. The website for the movie uses brand in that the same image of Bond with the masked individual behind him is used again, adding to this sense of continuity and synergy between different products of the film. There's also synergy in the sense that there are links to go and purchase it on Blu-Ray and DVD and also watch the video for the theme song for it by Sam Smith.
3. An e-media campaign for Spectre took place on Snapchat using the 'Discover' channel as a means for doing it.

4. 

Audience

1. The audience for Spectre ranges all the way from 10-year old kids to people in their 50s. Along with this it's mainly likely to appeal to mainstreamers, aspirers and explorers, the latter particularly for the globetrotting adventure that the film is.
2. With things like the Discover channel campaign, Spectre targets the younger members of its audience effectively since social media is something largely used by them. At the same time with the Omega watch campaign, older viewers can be said to be targeted since they're more likely to be purchasing a watch of such a kind.
3. An audience pleasure that can be possibly obtained from Spectre is personal identification in that British viewers will get a sense of national pride and solidarity in watching a character from their country do what he has to to protect people around the world. Another one is the sheer entertainment factor with the action from both chase scenes and shootouts.
4. The Bourne series is something this audience would particularly enjoy, with it depicting a spy working for a secret service, albeit this time in the US. However as a 12, the younger audience may be locked out from watching it so perhaps a film like Kingsman: The Secret Service  would be more appropriate.

Institution

1. Spectre was produced by Eon Productions and they've been responsible for the production of all the James Bond films. With this, the target audience for the company can be said to range all the way from kids from around the ages of 10/12 to people in their 50s.
2. It was distributed by both Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures and Columbia Pictures. The former is known for distributing films like 21 Jump Street and Rocky Bolboa while the latter is known for the Spider-Man series and also the Men In Black series.
3. Both companies can be said to have quite a large target audience with the amount of different films they have helped distribute ranging from films like Spectre to The Pink Panther and Spider-Man.
4. The budget for Spectre was $245 million.
5. Spectre was largely successful with it getting a box office of $880.7. This success was likely largely because of the sheer popularity of the Bond brand with it spanning over decades as a film series.
6. Earning $63.8 million in the UK and $73 million in the US, it's likely Spectre earned more in the States because of the fact it opened on more screens there - 3929 as oppose to 2500.
7. Spectre was given a 12A age rating, and this was very important in reaching its broad target audience since it then allows kids (under the supervision/guidance of adults) to also watch the film. Anything older than this and a relatively large segment of their target audience could be gone.

Representation

1. The main representation of characters in Spectre is one of class, in which everyone be it hero or villain has a sense of it to them. At the same time though, another representation is that characters in the film that aren't British are typically villains, giving off this idea of British superiority.
2. The film provides quite a positive representation of 'Britishness,' with the Secret Service working to solve issues that could potentially affect the world, providing them with somewhat of a saviour-like appearance.
3. This differs from Ill Manors in the sense that Britain isn't necessarily shown in a negative light in the way that Ill Manors did. Rather it's shown as state ensuring the safety of all of its citizens.
4. As stated before, one of the ideologies made clear within Spectre is that Britain is a place of class. Whether that's suggested by the suits or the cars, it's shown as somewhere of quite an upmarket nature. As well as this, it's shown to be somewhat of a superpower with the fact that secret service are able to do all these things through their agents and stop global threats.

Case study comparison

1.

Similarities:

• All set, at least in part, in Britain
• Ill Manors and Spectre both had online campaigns

Differences:

• Budget amount
• Promotion by other brands e.g. Spectre and Omega
• Portrayal of Britain
• Release platforms (A Field In England)
• Target audience - A Field In England appealing to a more older audience as oppose to Spectre's particularly broad one

MEST1 Section B: A Field In England

MEST1 Section B: A Field In England

The Media Magazine article based on the arthouse film ‘A Field in England,’ discusses not just the distribution of that film in particular, but also the significance of it in film distribution as a whole. This can entail traditional methods such as billboards and adverts on TV, but now also can involve social media campaigns which we see in productions such as ‘Ill Manors’ with the Tag London initiative. It’s said in the article how important this distribution can be, particularly in terms of box office figures, but it’s also made clear that distributors have to understand a number of certain things before they can go ahead with starting their advertising campaigns such as the film’s audience and also working to build interest in the film prior to its release.

1. The release of A Field In England was quite different to what is usually seen with films since it released all on the same day not just in cinemas, but also video-on-demand, DVD and Blu-Ray. This was quite a radical move by the institution involved in it since the more typical/conventional film release involves a cinema release followed by DVD and Blu-Ray ones a few months later.
2. The advantages to this kind of approach is that it helps the institution reach the largest audience possible with all the different options that they provide them to go and watch it. With this it also gives a range of people to go and view the artistic aspect of the film created which is one of the primary purposes of arthouse cinema as a whole. At the same time though, it may appeal to those interested in the portrayal of drug usage in films due to its psychedelic nature, but fundamentally fans of the arthouse genre as a whole.
3. Disadvantages to the approach are that people may choose to just watch the film on Film4 simply because it's free. While the purpose of arthouse films isn't necessarily to make a huge profit, the intent of the institutions behind it is likely to still be able to make the money they put in back, so this is likely to be a disadvantage. Additionally with the different things offered by watching the film on a different platform, audience members may have trouble deciding which one to attend - 'people instantly tweeting that they want to see it in all of the ways on the same day.'
4. A Field In England would be possibly aimed at a more older generation of people. With the film being centred around the English Civil War, it's likely to peak the interest of people interested in aspects like history and maybe even elements of their heritage - things an older generation may find themselves wanting to know about.
5. In my opinion, it's unlikely that all films will be released in a way similar to 'A Field In England' mainly due to the already quite high prominence of the online platform. With things like VOD services becoming increasingly popular, other ones like DVDs and Blu-Rays will become essentially redundant so with this said, institutions would only be wasting their money doing a rollout on all platforms.

A Field In England: the appeal of arthouse film

A Field In England: the appeal of arthouse film

1. One of the suggested audience pleasures about arthouse film is that rather than being commercially-driven, it has an artistic appeal attached to it as suggested by the name of the genre. With this things like a deeper narrative and more unconventional approach to the story come about. Another appeal would be to be recognised as more of a 'highbrow' individual within society. Since the arthouse genre is usually considered as having something of a more sophisticated nature, just being known for watching films within it can usually lead to someone being recognised as in a sense, more upper-class/superior.
2. Some audiences can tend to struggle with arthouse film particularly due to the fact that they differ so much from Hollywood films, mainly in the sense that Hollywood ones have a more conventional sense of direction. This is in the sense that Hollywood films usually end with a resolution of all of the events that took place, something we see detailed in Todorov's theory of equilibrium. Arthouse films though, tend to end without this resolution being achieved, and this can be something quite difficult to get the grips with for a typical audience.
3. Arthouse can be said to appeal only to the middle classes and older audiences to quite a reasonable extent, predominantly because of this concept of 'culture capital.' With this being, as said in the article, 'a familiarity with ‘high’ cultural forms' which is predominantly with other arthouse films, it's less likely for audiences from say a lower-class background to have an intertextual understanding of what they're watching which means they're not getting the full gist of the film.
4. A Field In England is likely to appeal a more older generation of people. With the film being centred around the English Civil War, it's likely to peak the interest of people interested in aspects like history and maybe even elements of their heritage - things an older generation may find themselves wanting to know about. More importantly though, the film is likely to appeal to admirers of the arthouse genre as a whole, more middle to upper class audiences.

Ill Manors: e-media off-site research

Ill Manors: e-media off-site research

Facebook

1. The Ill Manors Facebook page has 29,857 likes.
2. The top is working to help promote the film across all the possible platforms you can get it from whether it be Blu-Ray, DVD, download or on demand. It does this using the exact same image of Riz Ahmed holding a gun behind the Ill Manors title.

     3. 

This post can be said to appeal to the Ill Manors target audience since it's a promotion of another film that is supposedly similar to it. By saying 'Liked iLL Manors? Then you'll love OFFENDER,' the notion is brought about that the two films share certain aspects with each other so the target audience of Ill Manors who 'like' this page are essentially bound to like Offender equally as much.

This post can also appeal to them since it is a direct link to another one of the Ill Manors products - the music video. This would catch the eye of the target audience since it has links with the film established by the appearance of actors like Riz Ahmed and Ed Skrein in it but also just through the subject matter of it all.

The post above definitely would appeal to the target audience as after having watched Ill Manors, they may have liked it to a point where they feel inclined to take it home with them, so the provision of the opportunity to buy it on DVD or Blu-Ray not only appeals to them but also benefits the institution itself.

Appeal to the target audience can also be scoped out here as the posts relates to the creator of the institution itself - Plan B. Having been the spirit behind not only the film but also the album, the target audience may feel the need to know things such as his inspiration behind making them - things we see in the NME magazine entry.

Lastly, this post helps appeal to the target audience as it links them to a song that details the story of Jake, as said in the description itself. The audience would want to listen to this track to get another insight into why he did the things he did in the film among other things.

4.

A sense of synergy we can see displayed here is with how NME covered Plan B in their piece titled: 'Plan B attacks David Cameron over last year's riots.' The main link between this image and that article is that there's a sign saying 'PLAN B CALLED DAVID CAMERON A C**T!' and these views are the exact same that are seen in that same article.

This post could be said to link to the DVD extras of Ill Manors particularly in the sense that it discusses the emergence of 'untrained actors.' This is something we're shown in the extras with people like Sasha Gamble and Lee Allen not having any prior experience in acting but still being cast in the film.

The post above links in with the trailer in the sense that the exact same phrase we see in the beginning of the trailer is used in the description: 'We are all products of our environment. Some environments are just harder to survive in.'

Twitter

1. The Ill Manors Twitter feed uses the Ill Manors brand to promote the film by having things such as tweets and also retweets from publications made by newspapers, but also notifications as to any notable things happening with the promotion of the film. An example of this is a tweet made by the account saying: 'Tune in to @BBCR1 #Radio1 now and listen to @4PlanB first play of @iLLManors - few minutes to go! @revolveruk.'
2. #iLLManors, #PlanB, #PlayingWithFire, #Loveit, #RealMovie...
3. One of the posts by a celebrity that the Ill Manors account retweeted was made by Anouska Mond. As an actor playing one of the main characters in the film, this retweet will appeal to the audience in the sense that it provides them with an opportunity to follow the actors as they anticipate its actual release. The same thing can be said about Riz Ahmed, who also has a post of his retweeted in which he says: 'Follow the cast of@iLLManors - @anouska_mond @edskrein @RyanDeLaCruzUK @SeanSagar @FirelynxMr @7kivanc7 @GeorgiaFarthing @nickdsagar .' This links exactly with what was said above with it giving the audience a chance to get updated by the cast of the film. One more celebrity that the account retweeted was Ashley Thomas, or rapper Bashy. With his tweet saying: 'RT @4PlanB: RT @iLLManors: Win tickets to the iLL Manors WORLD PREMIERE! Find out how: http://on.fb.me/Win-iLLManors-PremiereTickets … #PlanB #Win #WorldPremiere,' it's clear that his post appeals to the audience in the sense that they are given an opportunity to win a competition and get tickets to the first screening of Ill Manors before anyone else - sense of incentive on its own.
4. The feed uses pictures to help promote different aspects of the Ill Manors brand whether it be a performance by Plan B/Ben Drew himself, accolades given to the film or people doing things like showing themselves downloading the Ill Manors album.
5. Examples of the TagLondon campaign lie mainly in retweets of posts from a dedicated account called @taglondon. With this we can see that for the campaign alone, the institution developed an account to help promote these tweets on. In addition to this is an actual picture of one of the projections of the tweets near the London eye, perhaps as a way just to encourage more people to post the hashtag.

     6.

DVD release

By retweeting a post made by an institution that does reviews for DVDs, probably among other things, people start to anticipate the release of the DVD a lot more than they probably were before the post.

The posting of this was effective since people would aim to go and get a signed copy of the Ill Manors, the signing providing more incentive, rather than just get a standard one like the majority of people.

This tweet made by someone actually in the queue for the signing of the DVD being retweeted by the account helps encourage people to go and get their own copy.

Instagram

1. The institution has used Instagram in a way that is quite interesting and unconventional in comparison to most others. Rather than actually have an official account on the social network, instead since both Instagram and Twitter make use of hashtags, the same hashtags that are used on Twitter also carry on onto Instagram.

    2.

This upload from one of the actors in the film himself, Nick Sagar, is effective in promoting Ill Manors in the sense that not only does it use a still from one of the scenes in the film, but to add to this the Ill Manors logo itself is also on display.

This post can also be said to help promote the film effectively not only by the usage of hashtags like #illmanors and #planb, but also through the fact that the actual poster for the film used as the image. Having reviews from critics on it as well as the name of the film, this user could've got the attention of her followers making them go on to watch the film - effective promotion.

This image of the Blu-Ray copy can also be said to help contribute towards the promotion of the film since it shows people other ways in which they can get access to it. Not only this but similarly to the posts above, is the usage of the hashtags #planB and #bendrew.

3. 

As is seen above the hashtags that are generally used on Instagram are #illmanors, #planb and #bendrew. It's evident that there is consistency in the hashtags used as these are more or less the same ones that we also see featured in Twitter. This aspect is particularly important since it means there's no confusion for people when searching for Ill Manors related content on Instagram, after using another network like Twitter - essentially the same throughout.

4.

YouTube

1. The Plan B YouTube channel was used to help promote the release of the film by having things like videos accompanying the music that played during the film. Examples of this include 'Playing With Fire' which followed Jake's initiation with the gang and 'Deepest Shame' which related to 'a day in the life' of Michelle. Through this, fans of Plan B's music who perhaps weren't aware of the film can become enticed in what exactly happens to these characters we see in the videos, therefore promoting the film quite effectively.
2. One of the examples of synergy is shown again with the 'Playing With Fire' video. Starting off with a scene straight from the film itself, the video helps establish a link in the film by setting up from the get-go that the lyrics of the song relate directly to this character. Another example of synergy in the channel is shown in the channel art itself. Retaining that same image seen with the album cover of Plan B smoking in front of the council blocks, the logo is what makes it clear that the channel is related to those same products.
3. The links to other social networks we see on the channel include Google+, Facebook and Twitter but also SoundCloud and iTunes to almost provide people with a gateway to Plan B's musical content.

Ill Manors e-media: website analysis

Ill Manors e-media: website analysis

1. Examples of the Ill Manors brand on the website screengrab range from the very logo itself to the appearance of characters that starred in the film and also the same sky that we can find in the poster for the film.
2. The website encourages people to interact with, perhaps through buying, Ill Manors products through not only a 'BUY NOW' section on the website, but also through it saying 'ON BLU-RAY, DVD, DOWNLOAD AND ON-DEMAND NOW' and more simply in the centre of the page below a window on a house: 'ILL MANORS BUY NOW.'
3. Plan B uses elements of social media in the sense that the layout of his website can be said to reflect that of a blog or in fact a social network like Twitter. This can be said especially with the fact that some of the posts on 'The Wall' are set out in a manner akin to Twitter - username up top and tweet below.  To top this off is the fact that there is a section called 'The Wall,' something popularised by social networks like Facebook.
4. This statement links essentially directly to the TEDx lecture in which Plan B discussed the usage of the derogatory term 'chav' by not just members of the public but also newspaper publications. He discusses the exact same thing here while also talking about him not condoning or justifying the riots. I agree with the claim he made in the article about this in the sense that through the Ill Manors products what he attempts to do is display the life that a lot of the participants in the riots went through and establish that as somewhat of a cause/reason they did what they did.
5. Social media is overtaking official websites mainly due to the fact that social media is just a lot more easy to access than them. Pre-installed on people's phones and something predominantly used everyday, the networks are a perfect place for institutions to promote their products on. As well as this is the fact that social networks offer most of the features that an official website would to an institution perhaps bar a few customisation options e.g. video and photo uploads.